Activity of compounds derived from benzofuroxan in Trichomonasvaginalis.

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Currently, trichomoniasis is treated with the class of nitroimidazoles, namely, metronidazole; however, resistant isolates and strains have been reported. The compounds derived from benzofuroxan are biologically active heterocycles. This study evaluated the in vitro antiparasitic activity of these compounds in trophozoites of T. vaginalis and determined the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mortality curve, and cytotoxicity. The compounds were named EH1, EH2, EH3, and EA2 and tested in various concentrations: 100 to 15 µM (EH1 and EH2); 100 to 5 µM (EH3); and 100 to 25 µM (EA2), respectively. The greatest efficacy was observed in the highest concentrations in 24 h, with inhibition of approximately 100% of trophozoites. Compounds EH2 and EH3 had the lowest MIC: EH2 (35 µM) and EH3 (45 µM), with IC50 of 11.33 µM and 6.83 µM, respectively. Compound EA2 was effective at the highest concentrations. The activity of the compounds in T. vaginalis started in the first hour of incubation with 90% inhibition; after 12 h, inhibition >95% was observed. Compound EH1 showed the lowest activity, with the highest activity between 12 and 24 h after incubation. These results demonstrate that benzofuroxan derivatives are promising compounds for the in vitro treatment of T. vaginalis.

Microscopic alterations in Fasciola hepatica treated with the essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens and Citrus aurantium.

Fasciolosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in animal health, affecting mainly ruminants, causing economic and productivity losses. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and adulticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) and Citrus aurantium (sour orange) on Fasciola hepatica. Performed Gas Chromatography of EOs P. graveolens and C. aurantium, with major compound, citronellol (31.37 %) and limonene (93.89 %), respectively. For the cytotoxicity assay, the sour orange EO showed to be promising when used in lower concentrations. For the ovicidal tests, the eggs were incubated with geranium EOs at concentrations from 4.5 to 0.03375 mg/mL and sour orange at concentrations from 4.25 to 0.031875 mg/mL, along with controls. The viable eggs were counted on the 14th day post-incubation. Adult forms of F. hepatica were incubated containing the EOs and observed for 24 h after treatment, as well as the control groups. Later the specimens were fixed for histological analysis. Geranium and sour orange EOs in trematode eggs at the concentrations tested were 100 % effective in inactivating hatching (p < 0.05) when compared to the untreated control. In the adulticidal test, the essential oil of P. graveolens at both concentrations tested (0.0675 and 0.03375) within 15 h, promoted the death of flukes. For C. aurantium, 18 h was enough to inactivate all specimens, up to a concentration of 0.06375. The histological analysis, observed the accumulation of liquid in the tegument in the specimens incubated in C. aurantium and P. graveolens, with vacuolization in the tegument and spines, preventing externalization. The results of the study present OEs with efficient ovicidal and adulticidal activity.

Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans / Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans / Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) es una singular enfermedad idiopática, la cual se caracteriza por proliferación clónica de células de Langerhans. HCL puede presentarse como una simple lesión osteolitica o puede afectar múltiples sistemas en el cuerpo. Oralmente se puede preceder manifestaciones sistémicas o simular desordenes infecciosos/inflamatorios. El reporte de este caso presenta a un varón de 3 años de edad referido a la clínica del programa Postdoctoral de Odontopediatria en la Universidad de Puerto Rico para evaluar una posible enfermedad periodontal en los segundos molares deciduos. En la evaluación clínica se observó inflamación extraoral bilateral en los lados izquierdo y derecho del rostro obliterando los ángulos mandibulares. La piel suprayacente estaba intacta y sin sintomatología. En la evaluación intraoral mostró inflamación localizada en la mucosa suprayacente de los molares deciduos en ambos lados con cierto grado de movilidad. Este caso ejemplifica la necesidad tanto de pediatras como odontopediatras de estar conscientes que HCL puede simular lesiones periodontales.

Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans (HCL) é uma enfermidade idiopática singular, a qual caracteriza-se pela proliferação crônica das células de Langerhans. A HCL pode se apresentar de duas formas distintas; como uma única lesão osteolítica ou, afetar múltiplos sistemas do corpo humano. Na região bucal podem ocorrer manifestações sistêmicas que simulem desordens de origem infecciosas/ inflamatórias. O relato deste caso trata-se de um menino de 3 anos de idade, recomendado à Clinica do Programa Pós-Doutorado de Odontopediatria da Universidade de Puerto Rico, para avaliar a possível doença periodontal nos segundos molares decíduos. Na avaliação clínica observou-se inflamação extraoral bilateral nos lados esquerdo e direito do rosto obstruindo os ângulos mandibulares. O tecido facial adjacente encontrava-se intacto e sem sintomatologia. A avaliação intraoral, no entanto, constatou inflamação localizada na mucosa vestibular e certo grau de mobilidade nos molares decíduos em ambos os lados. Este caso demonstra a importância de se ampliar a divulgação da LCH, como também o fato que a mesma pode simular lesões periodontais, principalmente entre pediatras e odontopediatras, com o intuito de aperfeiçoar o manejo clínico das crianças portadoras da doença.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare idiopathic disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. LCH may appear as a single osteolytic lesion or can affect many body systems. Oral involvement may predate systemic manifestations or mimic infectious/inflammatory disorders. This case report involves a 3-year-old boy referred to the pediatric dentistry residency clinic at the University of Puerto Rico to evaluate possible periodontal disease on primary second lower molars. Examination revealed bilateral extra-oral swelling on the left and right side of the face obliterating the mandibular angles. The overlying skin was intact and symptomless. An intraoral examination showed localized swelling of the overlying mucosa from the lower primary right and left molars with some degree of mobility on both the right and left second primary molars. This case illustrates the need for pediatricians and pediatric dentists to be aware of LCH mimicking periodontal lesions.